Travel to Petra: The Rose Red City-Jordan

Nestled in the heart of the Jordanian desert, Petra stands as one of the most awe-inspiring ancient cities in the world. Often called the "Rose-Red City" due to its stunning pink sandstone cliffs, Petra is a testament to the ingenuity and artistry of the Nabateans who carved it out of rock more than 2,000 years ago. As a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the New Seven Wonders of the World, Petra offers a unique blend of history, architecture, and natural beauty. This comprehensive guide will explore everything you need to know about traveling to Petra, ensuring that your visit is as enriching and memorable as possible.

1. Introduction to Petra

Historical Background

Petra was established as the capital of the Nabatean Kingdom around the 4th century BCE. The Nabateans were skilled traders who controlled the trade routes across the Arabian Desert, which contributed to Petra's prosperity and growth. The city thrived as a major trading hub, attracting merchants and travelers from various cultures.

Petra’s strategic location at the crossroads of major trade routes made it a melting pot of cultural influences, which is evident in its architecture. The city remained a significant cultural and economic center until it was gradually abandoned in the early Islamic period and eventually lost to the Western world until its rediscovery in the early 19th century.

The Rose-Red City

Petra’s nickname, the Rose-Red City, stems from the vibrant pink and reddish hues of its sandstone cliffs. The natural coloration of the rock gives the city an ethereal and dramatic appearance, particularly during sunrise and sunset when the light casts varying shades of pink and orange over the structures.

2. Getting to Petra

Traveling to Jordan

Before you can explore Petra, you’ll need to get to Jordan. The most common entry point is Queen Alia International Airport in Amman, Jordan’s capital. From Amman, you can travel to Petra by road, which is approximately a 2.5-hour drive.

Transportation Options

• Private Transfer: For convenience and comfort, you can arrange a private transfer from Amman to Petra. This option provides door-to-door service and allows for flexible travel times.
• Rental Car: Renting a car gives you the flexibility to explore Jordan at your own pace. The drive from Amman to Petra is relatively straightforward, but be sure to have a GPS or a reliable map.
• Bus Services: There are regular bus services between Amman and Petra operated by various tour companies. This is a cost-effective option but may be less flexible in terms of timing and stops.
• Tours: Many travel agencies offer guided tours to Petra, which often include transportation, a guide, and sometimes accommodation. This can be a great option for those who prefer a structured itinerary.

3. When to Visit Petra

Best Time to Go

The best time to visit Petra is during the spring (March to May) and fall (September to November). During these periods, the weather is mild and pleasant, making it ideal for exploring the city’s vast expanse. Temperatures are comfortable, and the risk of rain is relatively low.

Avoiding the Crowds

Petra is a popular destination, and it can get quite crowded during peak tourist seasons, especially during summer. If you prefer a quieter experience, consider visiting during the shoulder seasons or early in the morning. The site opens at 6 AM, and arriving early can help you avoid the largest crowds.

Weather Considerations

• Summer: Temperatures can soar above 40°C (104°F) during the summer months, making it hot and uncomfortable for extended exploration. If you visit in summer, plan your activities for early mornings or late afternoons.
• Winter: Winters can be chilly, with temperatures dropping below freezing at night. While daytime temperatures are generally mild, you should be prepared for cooler weather and potential rain.

4. Exploring Petra

Entry and Orientation

Upon arrival at Petra, you’ll enter through the Visitor Center, where you can purchase tickets and get an overview of the site. It’s recommended to hire a local guide or join a tour to enhance your understanding of Petra’s history and significance.

Key Attractions

The Siq

The Siq is the narrow gorge that serves as the main entrance to Petra. This dramatic passage is flanked by towering cliffs that rise up to 80 meters (262 feet) high. Walking through the Siq is an enchanting experience, as you are gradually led to Petra’s most famous monument.

Al-Khazneh (The Treasury)

Al-Khazneh, or The Treasury, is Petra’s most iconic structure. Its elaborate façade, carved into the rock face, features intricate details and towering columns. Despite its name, it was likely a royal tomb rather than a treasury. The Treasury is particularly stunning when illuminated by the soft light of dawn or sunset.

The Monastery (Ad-Deir)

The Monastery, or Ad-Deir, is another grandiose structure carved into the cliffs. It is similar in style to the Treasury but on a much larger scale. The Monastery is reached via a steep hike, which takes about 45 minutes to an hour. The panoramic views from the top are well worth the effort.

The Roman Theater

The Roman Theater in Petra is a testament to the city’s diverse cultural influences. It could seat up to 3,000 spectators and was used for various performances and events. The theater’s location offers a fantastic view of the surrounding landscape.

The Royal Tombs

Petra is home to several impressive tombs, including the Urn Tomb, the Silk Tomb, and the Palace Tomb. These tombs are distinguished by their elaborate facades and intricate carvings. Exploring these tombs provides insight into the funerary practices and architectural skills of the Nabateans.

The Great Temple

The Great Temple is one of Petra’s largest and most significant religious structures. Its impressive size and layout suggest it was a central place of worship and civic gatherings. The temple complex includes several courtyards, a colonnaded street, and a large altar.

Petra By Night

Petra By Night is a special event that takes place on Monday, Wednesday, and Thursday evenings. The ancient city is illuminated by thousands of candles, creating a magical atmosphere as you walk through the Siq to the Treasury. The experience includes traditional music and storytelling, offering a unique way to experience Petra’s enchanting ambiance.

5. Practical Tips for Visiting Petra

What to Wear

• Comfortable Clothing: Wear lightweight, breathable clothing to stay comfortable while exploring Petra. Layering is recommended to adjust to varying temperatures throughout the day.
• Sturdy Footwear: Petra’s terrain can be uneven and rocky, so sturdy hiking shoes or comfortable walking shoes are essential.
• Sun Protection: A wide-brimmed hat, sunglasses, and sunscreen are necessary to protect yourself from the sun, especially during the warmer months.

What to Bring

• Water: Petra is a large site, and staying hydrated is crucial. Carry sufficient water, especially if you plan to spend the entire day exploring.
• Camera: Petra’s stunning landscapes and architectural marvels make it a photographer’s paradise. Don’t forget your camera or smartphone to capture the beauty of the site.
• Snacks: While there are some food vendors at the Visitor Center and around Petra, bringing your own snacks can be handy, especially if you’re planning a long day of exploration.

Health and Safety

• Stay Hydrated: The dry desert climate can lead to dehydration. Drink plenty of water and avoid overexertion in the heat.
• Health Precautions: If you have any health conditions or mobility issues, consult with your doctor before visiting Petra. The site involves a significant amount of walking and hiking.
• Respect the Site: Petra is an archaeological treasure, and it’s important to respect the site by not climbing on the ruins or touching the ancient carvings.

Local Customs and Etiquette

• Respect Local Traditions: Jordan is a conservative country, so dressing modestly is appreciated. Avoid wearing revealing clothing and be respectful of local customs.
• Tipping: Tipping is customary in Jordan. It is polite to offer a small tip to guides, drivers, and service staff.

Accommodation Options

• Hotels in Wadi Musa: The town of Wadi Musa, located near Petra, offers a range of accommodation options, from budget hostels to luxury hotels. Staying in Wadi Musa provides convenient access to Petra and a variety of dining and shopping options.
• Petra Guesthouse: For those looking for a more immersive experience, consider staying at the Petra Guesthouse, which is located close to the Petra entrance. This option offers easy access to the site and comfortable accommodations.

6. Exploring Beyond Petra

Little Petra (Siq al-Barid)

Located about 15 kilometers (9 miles) from Petra, Little Petra is a smaller archaeological site with similar architectural features. It was likely a suburb or a trading post connected to Petra. Exploring Little Petra offers additional insight into the Nabatean civilization and a quieter experience compared to the main site.

Wadi Rum

If you have time to explore beyond Petra, consider a visit to Wadi Rum, a stunning desert landscape known for its dramatic rock formations and vast sand dunes. The area offers opportunities for jeep tours, camel rides, and stargazing.

The Dead Sea

A visit to the Dead Sea, located about a 2.5-hour drive from Petra, provides a relaxing contrast to the rugged landscapes of Petra. The Dead Sea is famous for its high salt content and therapeutic mud, offering a unique floating experience and a chance to unwind.

7. Conclusion

Petra, the Rose-Red City, is a destination that captivates the imagination and leaves a lasting impression. Its ancient ruins, dramatic landscapes, and rich history make it one of the most remarkable travel experiences in the world. Whether you’re marveling at the Treasury, hiking to the Monastery, or exploring the lesser-known sites, Petra offers a journey through time that is both awe-inspiring and educational. With careful planning and a spirit of adventure, your visit to Petra will undoubtedly be a highlight of your travels through Jordan.